Explained by Dr Karacan from IVF Turkey
A “unicornuate uterus” is a type of congenital uterine anomaly, meaning it is a condition that is present from birth. Physiologically, the uterus is made of two different parts uniting in the middle of the pelvic area. One part comes from the right side the other one from the left. In the case of the unicornuate uterus, one of these parts does not develop, meaning it is one-sided rather tham the typical pear-shaped, bicornuate (two-sided) uterus.
The unicornuate uterus is characterised by:
- One-Sided Structure: Instead of having two distinct sides (horns) like a bicornuate uterus, a unicornuate uterus has only one functional side.
- Smaller Size: The unicornuate uterus is typically smaller than a normal uterus.
- Abnormalities in the Non-Functional Side: In some cases one side is well formed, whereas other side is underdeveloped resulting in non-functional rudimentary horn.
Women with a unicornuate uterus may be at an increased risk for certain reproductive issues, including:
- Increased Risk of Miscarriage: The smaller size of the uterus may lead to an increased risk of miscarriage.
- Preterm Birth: There may be an increased risk of preterm birth.
- Malpresentation: Due to the altered shape of the uterus, the baby may be more likely to be in a breech or other non-head-down position.
The diagnosis of a unicornuate uterus is typically made through medical imaging studies. Here are the common methods used to diagnose this uterine anomaly:
- Ultrasound: Transvaginal ultrasound is a common and non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize the uterus and other reproductive organs. It can provide detailed images and help identify structural abnormalities in the uterus.
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG): This is a specialized X-ray procedure in which a contrast dye is injected into the uterus, and X-ray images are taken. It can outline the shape of the uterus and reveal any structural abnormalities, including a unicornuate uterus.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI can provide detailed cross-sectional images of the pelvic organs, including the uterus. It is a more comprehensive imaging method and can be helpful for a more detailed assessment of uterine anomalies.
If you suspect or if there are reasons to believe you may have a unicornuate uterus, consult with a healthcare provider, preferably a reproductive specialist or a gynecologist. They can evaluate your medical history, perform a physical examination, and order appropriate imaging studies to assess the structure of your uterus.
In some cases, uterine anomalies may not cause noticeable symptoms, and a woman may only become aware of the anomaly when seeking medical advice for fertility concerns or during routine reproductive health examinations.
It’s important to note that not all women with a unicornuate uterus experience fertility issues, and some may have successful pregnancies. However, women with this uterine anomaly may benefit from additional monitoring and care during pregnancy, and they should consult with their gynecologist for personalised guidance based on their specific situation.
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